![]() ![]() Therefore, any small disturbance or impurity will start the bubble formation process inside a bubble chamber. Bubble chambers are filled with a superheated liquid, that basically really want to turn into a gas. When pouring sparkling water into a glass, small amounts of gas get trapped inside or around small dust particles such as cellulose fibres.Ī very similar principle forms the basis of the bubble chamber particle detection technique. These impurities provide starting points for bubbles to form, so-called nucleation sites. Here, the decrease in pressure caused by opening the lid starts the vaporization process.Īn interesting effect can be observed at surfaces that provide tiny impurities, for example, cellulose fibres inside a glass. Similarly, when opening a bottle of sparkling water, bubbles start to form. ![]() When you heat water up to its boiling point, bubbles of water vapour start to form as water changes from a liquid to a gaseous state. When using these experiments with students, make sure to let them predict the outcome of the experiment first, before conducting the experiment and observing the result. Below, we highlight some of our favourite experiments and explain how to link them to CERN physics and technologies. Therefore, high-energy physics provides a fruitful and exciting context to discuss states of matter and phase transitions with your students. Moreover, there are several fun experiments that allow students to study phenomena on their own. Furthermore, high-energy physics research can create an even more energetic state of matter, the so-called quark-gluon-plasma. In particular, several particle detectors rely on phase transitions. Phase transitions often occur in nature, but they are also used in many technologies. Hence, plasma is a gas of free electrons and ions. Here, some of the orbital electrons are not bound to atoms or molecules anymore. A state of matter with very high energy is plasma. For example, a liquid such as water starts becoming a gas when it is heated to its boiling point or starts to freeze when it is cooled to its freezing point. When external conditions (such as temperature or pressure) change, the state of matter might change as well. Try different sized balloons and bottles.Matter occurs in different states: solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma. Try cooling or heating the vinegar to test if the temperature effects the chemical reaction. Try different amounts of baking soda and vinegar. The carbon dioxide gas creates pressure in the bottle and inflates the balloon. Since the balloon is stretched over the mouth of the bottle, the carbon dioxide gas can not escape. This chemical reaction creates carbon dioxide (gas). When baking soda (solid) and vinegar (liquid) are combined, an endothermic chemical reaction occurs.
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